Direct and Indirect Speech

Here, I want to declare about direct and indirect speech. This is our subject when I demonstrate Presentation in front of the class. Do you know what is Direct speech?. Direct speech is what you say with your statement, question, imperative and  exclamation sentence. In reported speech, you should take your attention to change the tenses and adverb of time and place, and  you change the pronoun of them.

A. Change the Tense

If tenses, in the reported speech " said" it is following with the explanation about tenses, and if the reported speech " says" will said" has said" and general truth don't conversion of tenses.

e.g :

DS: He said,"I was playing guitar." IS: He said that He have been playing guitar.

DS: I says, " I will swim." IS: I says that I will swim.

DS: Aris Said, " the year has 12 months."(General truth) IS: Aris said that the year has 12 months.

B. Change the adverb time and place

this is important in the direct speech and indirect speech. if you don't know the how to change the adverb time and place, when you make them, of course when you conversion DS to IS is hard.

Now - then, tomorrow-the following day, today-that day, that-his, next month/next year-the following year, can-could, will-would, must-had to etc.

C. Change the Pronoun

There are 3 step to change the pronoun from direct speech into indirect speech.

If the first person ( We and I ) in the reporting become subject, change into subject in the reported speech.

E.g: DS: She said, " I like banana." IS: She said that she liked banana.

DS: They said, " We like banana." IS: they said that they liked banana.

If the second person (you) in the reporting speech become subject, change into object in the reported speech.

e.g: DS: She said to me, " you like banana." IS: She said to me that I liked banana.

If the third person (she, he, it) in the reporting speech become subject, don't change.

e.g: DS: She said , " she likes banana." IS: She said that she liked banana.